FPGA：乒乓球比赛模拟机的设计

技术分享 2年前 (2023-01-05) 0 999+

简介

开发板：EGO1
开发环境：Windows10 + Xilinx Vivado 2020
数字逻辑大作业题目 7：乒乓球比赛模拟机的设计
乒乓球比赛模拟机用发光二极管（LED）模拟乒乓球运动轨迹，是由甲乙双方参赛，加上裁判的三人游戏（也可以不用裁判）。

管脚约束代码：

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set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports CLK] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports hitA] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports hitB] set_property PACKAGE_PIN P17 [get_ports CLK] set_property PACKAGE_PIN P5 [get_ports hitA] set_property PACKAGE_PIN R1 [get_ports hitB]  set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[5]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[4]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[0]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[3]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[2]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[1]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[7]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {ballLocation[6]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN F6 [get_ports {ballLocation[7]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN G4 [get_ports {ballLocation[6]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN G3 [get_ports {ballLocation[5]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN J4 [get_ports {ballLocation[4]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN H4 [get_ports {ballLocation[3]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN J3 [get_ports {ballLocation[2]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN J2 [get_ports {ballLocation[1]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN K2 [get_ports {ballLocation[0]}]  set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports speedA] set_property PACKAGE_PIN P4 [get_ports speedA] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports speedB] set_property PACKAGE_PIN N4 [get_ports speedB]  set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[3]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[2]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[1]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN K1 [get_ports {statusOut[3]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN H6 [get_ports {statusOut[2]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN M1 [get_ports {statusOut[1]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN K3 [get_ports {statusOut[0]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {statusOut[0]}]  set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[5]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[0]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[3]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[2]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[6]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[1]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[4]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[7]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[6]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[1]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[3]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[4]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[7]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[0]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[2]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[0]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[5]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[4]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[2]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED0[5]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[1]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[3]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LEDBit[6]}] set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports {LED1[7]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN B4 [get_ports {LED0[0]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN A4 [get_ports {LED0[1]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN A3 [get_ports {LED0[2]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN B1 [get_ports {LED0[3]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN A1 [get_ports {LED0[4]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN B3 [get_ports {LED0[5]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN B2 [get_ports {LED0[6]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN D5 [get_ports {LED0[7]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN D4 [get_ports {LED1[0]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN E3 [get_ports {LED1[1]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN D3 [get_ports {LED1[2]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN F4 [get_ports {LED1[3]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN F3 [get_ports {LED1[4]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN E2 [get_ports {LED1[5]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN D2 [get_ports {LED1[6]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN H2 [get_ports {LED1[7]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN G2 [get_ports {LEDBit[0]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN C2 [get_ports {LEDBit[1]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN C1 [get_ports {LEDBit[2]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN H1 [get_ports {LEDBit[3]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN G1 [get_ports {LEDBit[4]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN F1 [get_ports {LEDBit[5]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN E1 [get_ports {LEDBit[6]}] set_property PACKAGE_PIN G6 [get_ports {LEDBit[7]}]  set_property IOSTANDARD LVCMOS33 [get_ports reset] set_property PACKAGE_PIN P2 [get_ports reset]

设计要求

主要功能
1. 模拟乒乓球比赛，用发光二极管（LED）模拟乒乓球运动轨迹，由甲乙双方参赛；
2. 用8个LED灯表示球桌，其中点亮的LED来回移动表示乒乓球的运动，球速可以调节；
3. 当球移动到最左侧或最右侧时，表示一方的击球位置。如果提前击球，或未及时击球，则对方得一分；
4. 甲乙得分使用数码管计分，一局11球；
5. 用发光二极管表示甲乙的发球权，每5分交换发球权。
附加功能
1. 用发光二极管提示甲乙的接球和发球；
2. 比赛结束后，用数码管动态显示胜利的一方。

工作原理

本电路由时钟分频模块，玩家控制器模块，分数处理模块，游戏控制模块，乒乓球运动控制模块和数码管显示模块组成。

比赛开始前，可以通过reset开关重置比赛；
比赛进行时，甲乙两位选手通过扳动开关来实现挥动球拍和控制球速的效果。当乒乓球到击球位置时，若选手未及时击球，或提前击球，则输掉一球，对方加一分。每打5球，就交换一次球权，共打11球，数码管上会显示当前得分，分高者获胜；
比赛结束后，数码管会显示箭头来表示一方的获胜；
另外还有4个LED来表示双方的发球和接球。
系统方框图：

各部分模块具体功能及设计思路

游戏控制器模块

模块功能：控制整个模拟器各组件状态；
设计思路：该模块主要是用于控制比赛的进行。在设计中，使用status表示当前的比赛状态。010表示A发球，001表示B发球，110表示玩家A接球，101表示玩家B接球。这样的规定能够有效区分乒乓球不同的运动状态，并判定发/击球的有效性，同时显示在LED灯上来提示选手。另外再用accurateBallLocation [32:0]来表示球的精确位置，范围为$1000_{10} - 9000_{10} $，这样使球在LED显示的误差范围内，可以被击中。
代码：

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`timescale 1ns / 1ps    module GameController(  //全局状态控制器     input CLK,      input reg hitA, //玩家A输入     input [1: 0] speedA, //玩家A速度     input reg hitB,  //玩家B输入     input [1: 0] speedB,  //玩家B速度     input reg serviceSide, //发球方     input reg reset,    //重置     output reg [2: 0] status, //全局状态     output reg [7: 0] ballLocation, //球位置     output reg getScoreA,   //A得分     output reg getScoreB    //B得分     );      reg hitATrigger;     reg hitBTrigger;     reg [2: 0] speed;     reg [15: 0] accurateBallLocation;     reg resetTrigger;     // reg serviceSide;       initial begin   //初始化变量         hitATrigger = 'b0;         hitBTrigger = 'b0;         status = 'b010;         accurateBallLocation = 'd2000;         speed = 'd2;         // serviceSide = 'b0;          getScoreA = 'b0;         getScoreB = 'b0;         resetTrigger = 'b0;     end        always @(posedge CLK) begin     //根据报告所述转换状态         if(resetTrigger == 'b0 && reset == 'b1) begin             hitATrigger = 'b0;             hitBTrigger = 'b0;             status = 'b010;             accurateBallLocation = 'd2000;             speed = 'd2;             // serviceSide = 'b0;              getScoreA = 'b0;             getScoreB = 'b0;         end         else begin             if(status == 'b010 || status == 'b001) begin//换发球                 status = serviceSide == 'b0 ? 'b010 : 'b001;                 getScoreA = 'b0;                 getScoreB = 'b0;             end              if(status == 'b010) begin //A发球                  accurateBallLocation = 'd2000;                  if(hitATrigger == 'b0 && hitA == 'b1) begin                     status = 'b101;                     if(speedA == 'd00) speed = 'd2;                     else speed = 'd4;                 end                  hitATrigger = hitA;                end             else if(status == 'b001) begin //B发球                  accurateBallLocation = 'd10000;                  if(hitBTrigger == 'b0 && hitB == 'b1) begin                     status = 'b110;                     if(speedB == 'd00) speed = 'd2;                     else speed = 'd4;                 end                  hitBTrigger = hitB;               end             else if(status == 'b110) begin //A接球                 if(hitATrigger == 'b0 && hitA == 'b1) begin                     if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd1000 && accurateBallLocation <= 'd3000) begin                         status = 'b101;                         if(speedA == 'd00) speed = 'd2;                         else speed = 'd4;                     end                  end                  hitATrigger = hitA;                  if(accurateBallLocation < 'd500) begin                     getScoreB = 'b1;                     status = serviceSide == 'b0 ? 'b010 : 'b001;                 end                   accurateBallLocation -= speed * 'd3;              end             else if(status == 'b101) begin //B接球                 if(hitBTrigger == 'b0 && hitB == 'b1) begin                     if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd9000 && accurateBallLocation <= 'd11000) begin                         status = 'b110;                         if(speedB == 'd00) speed = 'd2;                         else speed = 'd4;                     end                  end                  hitBTrigger = hitB;                  if(accurateBallLocation >'d11500) begin                      getScoreA = 'b1;                     status = serviceSide == 'b0 ? 'b010 : 'b001;                 end                   accurateBallLocation += speed * 'd3;              end         end                   resetTrigger = reset;          if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd2000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd3000) ballLocation = 'b10000000;//球的位置显示         if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd3000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd4000) ballLocation = 'b01000000;         if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd4000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd5000) ballLocation = 'b00100000;         if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd5000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd6000) ballLocation = 'b00010000;         if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd6000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd7000) ballLocation = 'b00001000;         if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd7000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd8000) ballLocation = 'b00000100;         if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd8000 && accurateBallLocation < 'd9000) ballLocation = 'b00000010;         if(accurateBallLocation >= 'd9000 && accurateBallLocation <= 'd10000) ballLocation = 'b00000001;      end   endmodule

玩家控制模块

模块功能：控制玩家输入与接发球操作；
设计思路：在设计电路中规定了使能端EN，玩家只有在轮到自己发/击球时才有效；并规定了击球的间隔，模拟了击空的情况。除此之外还设计实现了玩家击球速度的选择。
代码：

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`timescale 1ns / 1ps   module Player(CLK, EN, hit, speed, hitOut, speedOut);     input CLK, EN, hit, speed;     output reg hitOut;     output reg [1: 0] speedOut;       reg [31: 0] activeInterval = 'd1000;    //一个下降沿到下一个上升沿直接最小时间间隔      reg [31: 0] interval;     reg hitTrigger;       initial begin         interval = 'd0;         hitTrigger = 'b0;         hitOut = 'b0;         speedOut = 'b1;     end       always @(posedge CLK) begin         if(EN == 'b1) begin             if(hitTrigger =='b0 && hit == 'b1) begin                 if(interval >= activeInterval) begin                     hitOut = hit;                 end             end             else if(hitTrigger == 'b1 && hit == 'b0) begin                 interval = 'd0;                 hitOut = hit;             end             hitTrigger = hit;             interval += 1;              if(speed == 'b0) begin                 speedOut = 'd00;             end             else begin                 speedOut = 'd01;             end         end      end   endmodule

时钟分频模块

模块功能：对时钟分频；
设计思路：将EG01的100MHZ的时钟分频为1000HZ。
代码：

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`timescale 1ns / 1ps    module ClockDivider(originCLK, dividedCLK);     input originCLK;     output dividedCLK;     reg tempDivCLK;     reg [31: 0] count;     // reg [31: 0] ratio = 'd2;     reg [31: 0] ratio = 'd100_000;  //时钟分频器，将P17的100MHz分为1000Hz     initial begin         tempDivCLK = 'b0;         count = 'd0;     end     always @(posedge originCLK) begin         count = count + 1;         if(count == ratio)             count = 'd0;                  if(count == 'd0)              tempDivCLK = 'b0;         if(count == ratio / 2)              tempDivCLK = 'b1;      end     assign dividedCLK = tempDivCLK; endmodule

乒乓球控制模块

模块功能：接受信号控制乒乓球从左向右移动，或者从右向左移动，并且可以根据玩家选择的击球速度去调整；
设计思路：用8个LED模拟，点亮的灯表示球的位置，然后像流水灯一样来回滚动，在发球时暂停。
代码：这里实际上包括在了游戏控制，下面代码是调用其他的Main。

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`timescale 1ns / 1ps   module Main(     input CLK,      input hitA,      input speedA,      input hitB,      input speedB,      input reset,     output reg [3: 0] statusOut,      output wire [7: 0] ballLocation,     output wire [7:0] LED0,      output wire [7:0] LED1,      output wire [7:0] LEDBit     );       wire [2: 0] status;     wire dividedCLK;     wire [1: 0] speedOutA;     wire [1: 0] speedOutB;     wire getScoreA, getScoreB;     ClockDivider clockDivider(CLK, dividedCLK);     wire serviceSide;      reg EnA;     reg EnB;     initial begin         EnA = 'b1;         EnB = 'b1;     end      Player player1(dividedCLK, EnA, hitA, speedA, hitOutA, speedOutA);     Player player2(dividedCLK, EnB, hitB, speedB, hitOutB, speedOutB);      GameController gameController(  //调用全局状态控制器         dividedCLK,          hitOutA,          speedOutA,          hitOutB,          speedOutB,          serviceSide,         reset,         status,          ballLocation,          getScoreA,          getScoreB              );      always @(posedge dividedCLK) begin         if(status == 'b010) begin             statusOut = 'b1000;         end         else if(status == 'b001) begin             statusOut = 'b0001;         end         else if(status == 'b110) begin             statusOut = 'b0100;         end         else if(status == 'b101) begin             statusOut = 'b0010;         end     end      reg [7:0][7:0] dataIn;      reg [31:0] count;     initial begin          count = 'd0;         while(count < 8) begin             dataIn[count] = 'd100;             count ++;         end         count = 'd0;     end      DigitalTubeDriver digitalTubeDriver(    //调用数码管驱动         dividedCLK,          dataIn,          LED0,          LED1,          LEDBit     );           wire endGame;     wire [1:0] winner;     wire [15: 0] scoreA;     wire [15: 0] scoreB;      ScoreBoard scoreBoard(         dividedCLK,          getScoreA,          getScoreB,          reset,         serviceSide,          endGame,          winner,          scoreA,          scoreB     );       reg [7:0] i;     reg [7:0] j;     reg [31:0] countTemp;     reg [31:0] countTemp2;     reg resetTrigger;     reg [31: 0] flowLightCount;     reg endGameTrigger;     initial begin         resetTrigger = 'b0;         flowLightCount = 'd0;         endGameTrigger = 'd0;     end      always @(posedge dividedCLK) begin                  if(resetTrigger == 'b0 && reset == 'b1) begin             EnA = 'b1;             EnB = 'b1;             dataIn[2] = 'd100;//不显示             dataIn[3] = 'd100;             dataIn[4] = 'd100;             dataIn[5] = 'd100;             endGameTrigger = 'd0;         end         resetTrigger = reset;               i = 'd0;         countTemp = scoreB;         while(i < 'd2) begin             dataIn[i] = countTemp % 'd10;             countTemp /= 'd10;             i++;         end                   j = 'd6;         countTemp2 = scoreA;         while(j < 'd8) begin             dataIn[j] = countTemp2 % 'd10;             countTemp2 /= 'd10;             j++;         end                  if(endGame == 'b1) begin    //游戏结束时显示箭头指向赢的玩家             if(endGameTrigger == 'b0) begin                 EnA = 'b0;                 EnB = 'b0;             end              if(winner == 'b10) begin                 case(flowLightCount)                     'd100: dataIn[2] = 'd22;//箭头                     'd200: dataIn[3] = 'd22;                     'd300: dataIn[4] = 'd22;                     'd400: dataIn[5] = 'd22;                 endcase                 flowLightCount++;                 if(flowLightCount == 'd500) begin                     flowLightCount = 'd0;                     dataIn[2] = 'd100;                     dataIn[3] = 'd100;                     dataIn[4] = 'd100;                     dataIn[5] = 'd100;                 end              end             else begin                 case(flowLightCount)                     'd100: dataIn[5] = 'd21;//箭头                     'd200: dataIn[4] = 'd21;                     'd300: dataIn[3] = 'd21;                     'd400: dataIn[2] = 'd21;                 endcase                 flowLightCount++;                 if(flowLightCount == 'd500) begin                     flowLightCount = 'd0;                     dataIn[2] = 'd100;                     dataIn[3] = 'd100;                     dataIn[4] = 'd100;                     dataIn[5] = 'd100;                 end              end         end          endGameTrigger = endGame;      end   endmodule

分数处理模块

模块功能：计数。每进行一轮控制分数加1，判断是否已打够11球，是则判别出获胜方。
设计思路：在A，B两人分数上升沿时，对总分加1，然后判断是否已满11球。若满11球，比较判断出胜利的一方，随后将其状态传给显示模块用于显示结果。
代码：

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`timescale 1ns / 1ps   module ScoreBoard(     input CLK,      input getScoreA,      input getScoreB,      input reset,     output reg serviceSide,      output reg endGame,      output reg [1:0] winner,      output reg [15: 0] scoreA,      output reg [15: 0] scoreB     );     reg getScoreATrigger;     reg getScoreBTrigger;     reg resetTrigger;     initial begin         serviceSide = 'b0;         endGame = 'b0;         getScoreATrigger = 'b0;         getScoreBTrigger = 'b0;         scoreA = 'b0;         scoreB = 'b0;         resetTrigger = 'b0;     end     always @(posedge CLK) begin         if(resetTrigger == 'b0 && reset == 'b1) begin             serviceSide = 'b0;             endGame = 'b0;             getScoreATrigger = 'b0;             getScoreBTrigger = 'b0;             scoreA = 'b0;             scoreB = 'b0;         end         else begin  //getScoreA或getScoreB出现上升沿，对应玩家得分             if(getScoreATrigger == 'b0 && getScoreA == 'b1)                 scoreA ++;             if(getScoreBTrigger == 'b0 && getScoreB == 'b1)                 scoreB ++;              getScoreATrigger = getScoreA;             getScoreBTrigger = getScoreB;                          if((scoreA + scoreB) / 5 % 2 == 'd0)    //每5个球换发                 serviceSide = 'b0;             else                 serviceSide = 'b1;             if(scoreA + scoreB == 'd11) //到达11个球时游戏结束                 endGame = 'b1;              if(endGame == 1) begin  //游戏结束时判断赢的那方                 if(scoreA > scoreB)                 winner = 'b10;                 else if(scoreA < scoreB)                 winner = 'b01;                 else                 winner = 'b11;             end             else begin                 winner = 'b00;             end         end                  resetTrigger = reset;      end  endmodule

数码管显示模块

模块功能：利用数码管显示比赛数据；
设计思路：使用$ 8 * 8 $的矩阵显示每个数码管的显示情况，另外设有对每个数码管表示显示的标志，从而动态地去更新。在有一方获胜后，会将不显示分数的数码管动态地闪烁箭头，以此来表示获胜的一方。
代码：

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`timescale 1ns / 1ps //参考EGO1的数码管显示模块  module DigitalTubeDriver(   //数码管驱动     input CLK,      input reg [7:0][7:0] dataIn,    //输入数据     output reg [7:0] LED0,  //输出的LED0，管理前4位显示     output reg [7:0] LED1,  //输出的LED1，管理后4位显示     output reg [7:0] LEDBit //LEDBIT，管理每个亮或不亮     );      reg [3:0] count;       wire [7:0] data0;      initial begin         LEDBit = 'b00000001;         count = 'd0;     end      // assign LED1 = LED0;      always @(posedge CLK) begin          case(dataIn[count]) //检查每种数字或符号对应亮哪些边             'd0: LED0 = 'b00111111;             'd1: LED0 = 'b00000110;             'd2: LED0 = 'b01011011;             'd3: LED0 = 'b01001111;             'd4: LED0 = 'b01100110;             'd5: LED0 = 'b01101101;             'd6: LED0 = 'b01111101;             'd7: LED0 = 'b00000111;             'd8: LED0 = 'b01111111;             'd9: LED0 = 'b01101111;             'd21: LED0 = 'b01110000;             'd22: LED0 = 'b01000110;             default: LED0 = 'b00000000;         endcase          if(count == 'd7) begin             count = 'd0;             LEDBit = 'b00000001;         end         else if(count == 'd0) begin             LEDBit = 'b10000000;             count = 'd1;         end         else begin             count++;             LEDBit = LEDBit >> 1;         end         LED1 = LED0;      end  endmodule