sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text；
sed：利用脚本来处理、编辑文本文件；
格式：sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...
常用参数：
| OPTIONS | 意义 |
|---|---|
| -e或--expression=<script文件> | 以选项中指定的script来处理输入的文本文件 |
| -f<script文件>或--file=<script文件> | 以选项中指定的script文件来处理输入的文本文件 |
| -h或--help | 显示帮助 |
| -n或--quiet或--silent | 仅显示script处理后的结果 |
| -V或--version | 显示版本信息 |
| -n | 用于禁止打印所有内容 |
| G | 在每行数据后插入换行 |
| -i | 将sed修改后内容写入文件 |
参考案例：
# 案例数据 使用ctrl+c结束输出 $ cat > content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 替换匹配的第一个word or characters # 默认只会替换第一个匹配的lorem,后面的lorem不再替换 # lorem是匹配的词,Lorem是替换的词 $ sed 's/lorem/Lorem/' content.out Lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. Lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. Lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 替换匹配的全部word or characters # 若需要替换匹配的全部则在''之间使用/g $ sed 's/lorem/Lorem/g' content.out Lorem ipsum is a dummy text. Lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.Lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. Lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. Lorem ipsum is great for developers. Lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. Lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 将位置为第二的lorem替换为Lorem # 在每一行中替换第n个出现的word or characters # 使用 /1,/2 or n (any number) 指定替换位置 $ sed 's/lorem/Lorem/2' content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. Lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. Lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. Lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 将set1中出现的所有字符替换为set2中对应的字符 # 在''之间使用y参数 $ echo 'a for apple' | sed -e 'y/af/AF/' A For Apple # 从指定位置2开始往后的lerem都被替换成Lorem $ sed 's/lorem/Lorem/2g' content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. Lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.Lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. Lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. Lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 在s前面使用数字 表示指定行替换 # 在下面的命令中，我们可以发现只有第二行被字符串'Lorem'取代 $ sed '2 s/lorem/LOREM/' content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. LOREM ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # -n: 用于禁止显示全部内容 # p: 用于打印特定行 # 显示2到4行的内容 $ sed -n 2,4p content.out lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 显示除去1到2行外的内容 $ sed 1,2d content.out lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. $ sed '/learn/d' content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. # 显示被替换的行 # 最后一行learn more about dummy text.没有匹配lorem就不显示出来 $ sed -n 's/lorem/Lorem/p' content.out Lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. Lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. Lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. # 打印第一行文本内容 $ sed -n '1p' content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. # 打印指定范围行文本内容 # 打印第一行到第四行文本内容 $ sed -n '1,4p' content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 打印多行文本内容 # 打印第一行和第四行文本内容 $ sed -n '1p;4p' content.out # 打印一个文件内容 $ sed -n 'p' content.out lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 显示匹配字符串的行 $ sed -n '/lorem/p' content.out # 输出包含数字的行 $ sed -n '/[0-9]/p' content.out # 显示匹配的行并在前面添加`Matched--`内容 $ sed -n 's/^l/Matched--&/p' content.out Matched--lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. Matched--lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. Matched--lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. Matched--learn more about dummy text. # 使用sed完成grep的功能 $ sed -n '/root/p' /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin # 将所有出现的“lorem”替换为“lorem”，并删除与/learn/搜索模式匹配的行; $ sed -e 's/lorem/Lorem/g' -e '/learn/d' content.out Lorem ipsum is a dummy text. Lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.Lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. Lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. Lorem ipsum is great for developers. Lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. Lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. # 插入单行换行符 $ sed G content.out # 插入多行换行符 $ sed 'G;G' content.out # use 'i.<file extension>' for backup file name and -e editing. # 创建一个原始文件'content.txt'的备份为'content.txt.bak' $ sed -i.bak -e 's/lorem/LOREM/g' content.out # Results # 修改的文件 $ cat content.out LOREM ipsum is a dummy text. LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. LOREM ipsum is highly used by designers. LOREM ipsum is great for developers. LOREM ipsum is used for dummy text. LOREM ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 备份文件 $ cat content.out.bak lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # In the following output, the line with starting 'lorem' and ending with 'text.' is deleted # 删除以lerem且test.结尾的行 $ sed -e 's/^lorem.*text.$//g' content.out LOREM ipsum is a dummy text. LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. LOREM ipsum is highly used by designers. LOREM ipsum is great for developers. LOREM ipsum is used for dummy text. LOREM ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. # 可以看到“Here”被添加在每一行的前面 # 添加数据到行首 $ sed -e 's/.*/Here &/' content.out Here LOREM ipsum is a dummy text. LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. Here LOREM ipsum is highly used by designers. LOREM ipsum is great for developers. Here LOREM ipsum is used for dummy text. LOREM ipsum doesn't have meaning. Here learn more about dummy text. # 插入字符串在每行开始并换行 $ sed 'i inserted line' content.out inserted line LOREM ipsum is a dummy text. LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. inserted line LOREM ipsum is highly used by designers. LOREM ipsum is great for developers. inserted line LOREM ipsum is used for dummy text. LOREM ipsum doesn't have meaning. inserted line learn more about dummy text. # 插入字符串在每行末尾并换行 $ sed 'a Appended line' content.out LOREM ipsum is a dummy text. LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. Appended line LOREM ipsum is highly used by designers. LOREM ipsum is great for developers. Appended line LOREM ipsum is used for dummy text. LOREM ipsum doesn't have meaning. Appended line learn more about dummy text. Appended line # 将提取所有可用的linux用户名 $ sed 's/([^:]*).*/1/' /etc/passwd # 打印不带注释和空行的数据 $ sed -e 's/#.*//;/^$/d' content.out LOREM ipsum is a dummy text. LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text.LOREM ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. LOREM ipsum is highly used by designers. LOREM ipsum is great for developers. LOREM ipsum is used for dummy text. LOREM ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. $ sed 's/#.*//' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo # 添加测试数据 $ vi content.txt lorem ipsum is a dummy text. lorem ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text. lorem ipsum is highly used by designers. lorem ipsum is great for developers. lorem ipsum is used for dummy text. lorem ipsum doesn't have meaning. learn more about dummy text. 122.65.49.2 221.11.165.233 219.158.9.97 219.158.19.137 # 复杂版 - 提取ip地址 $ sed '/n/!s/[0-9.]+/n&n/;/^([0-9]{1,3}.){3}[0-9]{1,3}n/P;D' content.txt # 简化版 - 提取ip地址 $ sed -n '/[0-9]/p' content.txt # 使用管道(|)将sed与其他命令组合使用 $ ip addr | sed -n '/inet/p' |sed -e 's/ */ /g'|cut -d ' ' -f3 127.0.0.1/8 ::1/128 192.168.188.188/24 fe80::400e:cc35:e4ab:8c3f/64 172.17.0.1/16 fe80::42:65ff:fee9:cfb0/64 fe80::4cf2:b7ff:feb4:44fa/64 fe80::4478:34ff:fe5b:8d9a/64 $ sed -n '/root/w rootpwd.txt' /etc/passwd $ cat rootpwd.txt root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin 
