RxJava + Retrofit怎么请求网络,具体的用法这里就不讲了,本文只讲一些重点源码。
版本如下:
okhttp : "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.10.0", okhttp3_integration : "com.github.bumptech.glide:okhttp3-integration:1.4.0@aar", retrofit : "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.4.0", converter_gson : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.3.0", converter_scalars : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars:2.3.0", converter_protobuf : "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-protobuf:2.3.0", adapter_rxjava2 : "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.2.0", logging_interceptor : "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.10.0", rxjava : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.12", rxandroid : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.2",
一、首先关于Retrofit的初始化:
private void initRetrofit() { ExtensionRegistry extensionRegistry = ExtensionRegistry.newInstance(); retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl(baseUrl) //设置地址 .client(client.build()) //设置自定义的OkHttpClient .addConverterFactory(ProtoConverterFactory.createWithRegistry(extensionRegistry)) .addConverterFactory(StringConverterFactory.create()) .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(buildGson())) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build(); service = retrofit.create(ApiService.class); }
.addConverterFactory(ProtoConverterFactory.createWithRegistry(extensionRegistry))
.addConverterFactory(StringConverterFactory.create())
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(buildGson()))
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create())
添加了数据转换器与请求适配器。
Retrofit的初始化采用了Builder模式。
Retrofit.Builder()这一步,获取了一个平台,肯定就是Android()了,后面有地方会用到。
Builder(Platform platform) { this.platform = platform; } public Builder() { this(Platform.get()); } class Platform { private static final Platform PLATFORM = findPlatform(); static Platform get() { return PLATFORM; } private static Platform findPlatform() { try { Class.forName("android.os.Build"); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT != 0) { return new Android(); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } try { Class.forName("java.util.Optional"); return new Java8(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) { } return new Platform(); } }
在看最后的build();方法:
public Retrofit build() { if (baseUrl == null) { throw new IllegalStateException("Base URL required."); } okhttp3.Call.Factory callFactory = this.callFactory; if (callFactory == null) { callFactory = new OkHttpClient(); } Executor callbackExecutor = this.callbackExecutor; if (callbackExecutor == null) { callbackExecutor = platform.defaultCallbackExecutor(); } // Make a defensive copy of the adapters and add the default Call adapter. List<CallAdapter.Factory> callAdapterFactories = new ArrayList<>(this.callAdapterFactories); callAdapterFactories.add(platform.defaultCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor)); // Make a defensive copy of the converters. List<Converter.Factory> converterFactories = new ArrayList<>(1 + this.converterFactories.size()); // Add the built-in converter factory first. This prevents overriding its behavior but also // ensures correct behavior when using converters that consume all types. converterFactories.add(new BuiltInConverters()); converterFactories.addAll(this.converterFactories); return new Retrofit(callFactory, baseUrl, unmodifiableList(converterFactories), unmodifiableList(callAdapterFactories), callbackExecutor, validateEagerly); }
1、如果没有传入我们自定义的OkHttpClient,那么便会使用默认的。
2、如果没有设置自定义的回调执行器,那么便会是用默认的platform.defaultCallbackExecutor();点进入可以发现回调是默认在主线程中的:
static class Android extends Platform { @Override public Executor defaultCallbackExecutor() { return new MainThreadExecutor(); } @Override CallAdapter.Factory defaultCallAdapterFactory(@Nullable Executor callbackExecutor) { if (callbackExecutor == null) throw new AssertionError(); return new ExecutorCallAdapterFactory(callbackExecutor); } static class MainThreadExecutor implements Executor { private final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()); @Override public void execute(Runnable r) { handler.post(r); } } }
3、把我们设置的请求适配器添加进入,然后再添加一个默认的请求适配器。
4、添加进入一个默认的数据转换器,然后再被我们设置的数据转换器添加进去。
二、初始化好Retrofit后,再来看这一句:
service = retrofit.create(ApiService.class);
ApiService是一个接口,里面方法如下:
@GET Observable<ResponseBody> doGet(@Url String url, @HeaderMap Map<String, String> headers, @QueryMap Map<String, String> map);
这个create方法可以说是核心,它运用的是动态代理。
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // Single-interface proxy creation guarded by parameter safety. public <T> T create(final Class<T> service) { Utils.validateServiceInterface(service); if (validateEagerly) { eagerlyValidateMethods(service); } return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(service.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[] { service }, new InvocationHandler() { private final Platform platform = Platform.get(); @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, @Nullable Object[] args) throws Throwable { // If the method is a method from Object then defer to normal invocation. if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) { return method.invoke(this, args); } if (platform.isDefaultMethod(method)) { return platform.invokeDefaultMethod(method, service, proxy, args); } ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod = (ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method); OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args); return serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall); } }); }
1、首先检测这是否是一个接口,只有接口才能对它进行动态代理。
2、是否需要对接口里面的方法进行初始化预加载,是的话便进行,这个与下面的有点重复,直接讲下面的。
3、return后面的语句便是动态代理的地方,它会代理接口的所有方法,也就是说,当我们调用ApiService的方法的时候,会被拦截,然后走到inoke这个方法做我们自己的操作。
关于动态代理,后面会单独讲。
4、接下来边看invoke方法:
(1)、首先判断该方法是否为Object这个类的方法,如果是,不拦截它,让他走原来的方法。
(2)、platform为Android,platform.isDefaultMethod(method)返回false,不用管它。
(3)、ServiceMethod<Object, Object> serviceMethod =(ServiceMethod<Object, Object>) loadServiceMethod(method);拿到接口的方法,对接口的方法进行解析,比如获取注解,参数之类,构造自己的serviceMethod
(4)、初始化OkHttpCall
(5)、调用serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall)进行请求(因为采用的是RxJava,所以这里并不会立即请求,只有被订阅的时候才会,等会会讲)
三、loadServiceMethod(method)方法:
构造自己的serviceMethod 也采用了Builder模式。
进入这个方法后,重点的一句:
result = new ServiceMethod.Builder<>(this, method).build();
先看:
Builder(Retrofit retrofit, Method method) { this.retrofit = retrofit; this.method = method; this.methodAnnotations = method.getAnnotations(); this.parameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes(); this.parameterAnnotationsArray = method.getParameterAnnotations(); }
注:我们这里以前面定义的方法来讲解:
@GET Observable<ResponseBody> doGet(@Url String url, @HeaderMap Map<String, String> headers, @QueryMap Map<String, String> map);
1、持有retrofit与原始的method对象。
2、获取方法上的注解,获取到的为:
3、获取参数类型,获取到的为:
4、获取参数上面的的注解,获取到的为:
再看build()方法:
public ServiceMethod build() { callAdapter = createCallAdapter(); responseType = callAdapter.responseType(); if (responseType == Response.class || responseType == okhttp3.Response.class) { throw methodError("'" + Utils.getRawType(responseType).getName() + "' is not a valid response body type. Did you mean ResponseBody?"); } responseConverter = createResponseConverter(); for (Annotation annotation : methodAnnotations) { parseMethodAnnotation(annotation); } if (httpMethod == null) { throw methodError("HTTP method annotation is required (e.g., @GET, @POST, etc.)."); } if (!hasBody) { if (isMultipart) { throw methodError( "Multipart can only be specified on HTTP methods with request body (e.g., @POST)."); } if (isFormEncoded) { throw methodError("FormUrlEncoded can only be specified on HTTP methods with " + "request body (e.g., @POST)."); } } int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length; parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount]; for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) { Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p]; if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) { throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", parameterType); } Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p]; if (parameterAnnotations == null) { throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found."); } parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations); } if (relativeUrl == null && !gotUrl) { throw methodError("Missing either @%s URL or @Url parameter.", httpMethod); } if (!isFormEncoded && !isMultipart && !hasBody && gotBody) { throw methodError("Non-body HTTP method cannot contain @Body."); } if (isFormEncoded && !gotField) { throw methodError("Form-encoded method must contain at least one @Field."); } if (isMultipart && !gotPart) { throw methodError("Multipart method must contain at least one @Part."); } return new ServiceMethod<>(this); }
1、首先获取请求适配器。
2、创建请求结果的转换器。
3、对方法上的注解进行解析。
4、构造ParameterHandler数组。
5、对一些异常的判断。
四、我们接下来对每一步进行讲解。
1、首先获取请求适配器:
private CallAdapter<T, R> createCallAdapter() { Type returnType = method.getGenericReturnType(); if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(returnType)) { throw methodError( "Method return type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", returnType); } if (returnType == void.class) { throw methodError("Service methods cannot return void."); } Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations(); try { //noinspection unchecked return (CallAdapter<T, R>) retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations); } catch (RuntimeException e) { // Wide exception range because factories are user code. throw methodError(e, "Unable to create call adapter for %s", returnType); } }
(1)、获取方法的返回类型,返回类型不能是void
(2)、获取方法上的注解。
(3)、调用retrofit.callAdapter(returnType, annotations)方法获取请求的适配器。(我们之前设置的请求适配器都在retrofit对象中)
里面关键的一步为:
int start = callAdapterFactories.indexOf(skipPast) + 1; for (int i = start, count = callAdapterFactories.size(); i < count; i++) { CallAdapter<?, ?> adapter = callAdapterFactories.get(i).get(returnType, annotations, this); if (adapter != null) { return adapter; } }
skipPast为null,所以start为0;
遍历我们之前设置给它的请求适配器,根据返回类型与方法上的注解去找,找到了便返回。(我们这里获取到的callAdapter为RxJava2CallAdapter)
2、创建请求结果的转换器:
responseConverter = createResponseConverter()
这个与获取请求的适配器的过程是类似的,因此这里就略过了。
3、解析方法上的注解:parseMethodAnnotation(annotation),我们用的是GET,所以下面会调用:
parseHttpMethodAndPath("GET", ((GET) annotation).value(), false);
我们这里value是空的,所以它只走了下面这些就返回了。
if (this.httpMethod != null) { throw methodError("Only one HTTP method is allowed. Found: %s and %s.", this.httpMethod, httpMethod); } this.httpMethod = httpMethod; this.hasBody = hasBody; if (value.isEmpty()) { return; }
4、构造ParameterHandler数组
int parameterCount = parameterAnnotationsArray.length; parameterHandlers = new ParameterHandler<?>[parameterCount]; for (int p = 0; p < parameterCount; p++) { Type parameterType = parameterTypes[p]; if (Utils.hasUnresolvableType(parameterType)) { throw parameterError(p, "Parameter type must not include a type variable or wildcard: %s", parameterType); } Annotation[] parameterAnnotations = parameterAnnotationsArray[p]; if (parameterAnnotations == null) { throw parameterError(p, "No Retrofit annotation found."); } parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations); }
主要是这一个方法:
parameterHandlers[p] = parseParameter(p, parameterType, parameterAnnotations);
p为序号,parameterType为方法的参数类型,parameterAnnotations为参数的注解。
里面就不细讲了,这里最终得到的是:
对于一些异常的判断就不多讲了,比如:
不能有多个带@Url注解的参数。
不能同时使用@Path与@Url注解。
被@QueryMap标注的参数类型必须是Map
@QueryMap注解的参数的key必须是String
至此,我们的ServiceMethod便构造完了。
五、我们回到代理的那个方法里面,还差两句没有解析:
OkHttpCall<Object> okHttpCall = new OkHttpCall<>(serviceMethod, args);
return serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall);
主要看serviceMethod.adapt(okHttpCall)
T adapt(Call<R> call) { return callAdapter.adapt(call); }
这里的callAdapter是RxJava2CallAdapter。
于是我们来到它的adapter方法:
@Override public Object adapt(Call<R> call) { Observable<Response<R>> responseObservable = isAsync ? new CallEnqueueObservable<>(call) : new CallExecuteObservable<>(call); Observable<?> observable; if (isResult) { observable = new ResultObservable<>(responseObservable); } else if (isBody) { observable = new BodyObservable<>(responseObservable); } else { observable = responseObservable; } if (scheduler != null) { observable = observable.subscribeOn(scheduler); } if (isFlowable) { return observable.toFlowable(BackpressureStrategy.LATEST); } if (isSingle) { return observable.singleOrError(); } if (isMaybe) { return observable.singleElement(); } if (isCompletable) { return observable.ignoreElements(); } return observable; }
首先我们看isAsync,这里为false,为什么呢?我们创建adapter的时候是这样的:
RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()
public static RxJava2CallAdapterFactory create() { return new RxJava2CallAdapterFactory(null, false); }
第二个参数便是isAsync
1、所以我们创建的responseObservable为CallExecuteObservable<>(call),(同步执行的类)
2、我们创建一个Observable<?> observable,这里创建的是BodyObservable<>(responseObservable),将刚刚创建的responseObservable
传进去。
3、最终将该observable传出去。
service = retrofit.create(ApiService.class); public interface ApiService { @GET Observable<ResponseBody> doGet(@Url String url, @HeaderMap Map<String, String> headers, @QueryMap Map<String, String> map); } service.doGet(url, header, params?.params)
也就是说,当我们调用service.doGet的时候,会走到代理的invoke方法,然后返回一个Observable
而该Observable只有在被订阅的时候才会执行,而且我们用的是同步,所以还需要在外面自己切换到子线程执行。
当被订阅的时候,该BodyObservable会调用subscribeActual:
BodyObservable(Observable<Response<T>> upstream) { this.upstream = upstream; } @Override protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super T> observer) { upstream.subscribe(new BodyObserver<T>(observer)); }
而这个upstream便是刚刚传进去的responseObservable,调用subscribe方法,最终会执行到responseObservable的subscribeActual方法。
@Override protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super Response<T>> observer) { // Since Call is a one-shot type, clone it for each new observer. Call<T> call = originalCall.clone(); observer.onSubscribe(new CallDisposable(call)); boolean terminated = false; try { Response<T> response = call.execute(); if (!call.isCanceled()) { observer.onNext(response); } if (!call.isCanceled()) { terminated = true; observer.onComplete(); } } catch (Throwable t) { Exceptions.throwIfFatal(t); if (terminated) { RxJavaPlugins.onError(t); } else if (!call.isCanceled()) { try { observer.onError(t); } catch (Throwable inner) { Exceptions.throwIfFatal(inner); RxJavaPlugins.onError(new CompositeException(t, inner)); } } } }
我们主要看Response<T> response = call.execute();call便是我们传进来的自定义的OkHttpCall
在call.execute()里面:
. . . call = rawCall; if (call == null) { try { call = rawCall = createRawCall(); } catch (IOException | RuntimeException | Error e) { throwIfFatal(e); // Do not assign a fatal error to creationFailure. creationFailure = e; throw e; } } . . . return parseResponse(call.execute());
createRawCall()获取okhttp3.Call,call.execute()便是okhttp的网络请求了。
我们主要看怎么获取okhttp3.Call,以及对请求结果的解析parseResponse方法。
private okhttp3.Call createRawCall() throws IOException { okhttp3.Call call = serviceMethod.toCall(args); if (call == null) { throw new NullPointerException("Call.Factory returned null."); } return call; }
ServiceMethod里面:
/** Builds an HTTP request from method arguments. */ okhttp3.Call toCall(@Nullable Object... args) throws IOException { RequestBuilder requestBuilder = new RequestBuilder(httpMethod, baseUrl, relativeUrl, headers, contentType, hasBody, isFormEncoded, isMultipart); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // It is an error to invoke a method with the wrong arg types. ParameterHandler<Object>[] handlers = (ParameterHandler<Object>[]) parameterHandlers; int argumentCount = args != null ? args.length : 0; if (argumentCount != handlers.length) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Argument count (" + argumentCount + ") doesn't match expected count (" + handlers.length + ")"); } for (int p = 0; p < argumentCount; p++) { handlers[p].apply(requestBuilder, args[p]); } return callFactory.newCall(requestBuilder.build()); }
方法主要是构造了request然后使用okhttp3.Call.Factory创建okhttp3.Call,而我们之前在构建ServiceMothod的构造的ParameterHandler<Object>[] handlers便参与了request的构建,主要是将之前解析到的参数,比如路径,头部信息等添加到request里面。
再看一下请求结果的解析parseResponse方法:
重点语句:
T body = serviceMethod.toResponse(catchingBody);
在看serviceMethod里面的toResponse方法:
/** Builds a method return value from an HTTP response body. */ R toResponse(ResponseBody body) throws IOException { return responseConverter.convert(body); }
这里便用到了我们之前设置的数据转换器,对结果进行转换。
以上便是大概的过程了。
转载请标明:https://www.cnblogs.com/tangZH/p/13723480.html