mybatis 07: sql标签中 "#{}" 和 "${}" 的作用和比较

"#{}"占位符

作用

  • 传参大部分使用"#{}",在数据库底层使用的是:PreparedStatement预编译处理对象
  • 数据库底层被解析为"?",用来传值,是安全的数据库访问,可以防止sql注入
  • 通过在SqlMapConfig.xml添加日志输出配置,在后文测试输出的结果中可以验证
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">  <configuration>      <!-- 设置日志输出-->     <settings>         <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>     </settings>  </configuration> 

写法

  • "#{}"里参数的写法,要参考parameterType的类型
  • 如果parameterType的类型是简单类型(8种基本类型(封装) + String类型),则"#{}"里变量名称任意
    <!--         //根据用户主键查取用户信息         User getById();     -->      <select id="getById" resultType="user" parameterType="int">         select             id, username, birthday, sex, address         from             users         where             id=#{asYouLike}     </select> 
  • 如果parameterType的类型是实体类的类型,则"#{}"里只能是类中成员变量的名称,而且区分大小写
//User实体类中的属性  public class User {     private Integer id;     private String userName;     private Date birthday;     private String sex;     private String address; } 
   <!--         //向用户表中增加用户信息         int insert(User user);    -->      <insert id="insert" parameterType="user">         insert into                 users(username, birthday, sex, address)         values(#{userName}, #{birthday}, #{sex}, #{address})     </insert> 

"${}"占位符

用于字符串的拼接和字符串的替换

字符串拼接

作用

  • 一般用于模糊查询,建议少用,因为存在sql注入风险

写法

  • "${}"中参数名称的写法,分两种情况,与"#{}"的两种情况相同,可参考之
  • 注意:对于parameterType的类型是简单类型时,"${}"里变量名称随便写,但是分版本
    • 如果是3.5.1及以下版本,只能写"value"

模糊查询示例

  • 未优化前,存在sql注入风险
    <!--         //根据用户名模糊查询用户信息         List<User> getByName(String name);     -->      <select id="getByName" parameterType="string" resultType="user">         select             id, username, birthday, sex, address         from             users         where username like '%${name}%'     </select> 
  • 优化后,使用"#{}"接受传参,底层是preparedStatement预编译对象,可以防止sql注入
    <!--         //优化后的模糊查询         List<User> getByNameBetter(String name);     -->      <select id="getByNameBetter" parameterType="string" resultType="user">         select             id, username, birthday, sex, address         from             users         where username like concat('%', #{name}, '%')     </select> 

字符串替换("${}"的主要作用)

需求:在users表中,根据地址或者用户名模糊查询用户信息

sql语句:

select * from users where username like '%模糊查询条件%'

select * from users where address like '%模糊查询条件%'

存在的问题:两条sql语句的结构在本质上是相同的,写两条语句十分冗余,可以采用替换列名的方式进行优化

UsersMapper.java接口

package com.example.mapper;  import com.example.pojo.User; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;  import java.util.List;  /**  * 数据访问层的接口,定义对数据库完成的CRUD的操作  */ public interface UsersMapper {          //根据用户名或者地址模糊查询     List<User> getByNameOrAddress(             @Param("colName")             String colName,             @Param("userName")             String userName     ); } 
  • 接口分析:当接口中的方法的参数有多个时,用注解标识参数,sql标签可通过注解中声明的参数名获取参数

UsersMapper.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">  <mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UsersMapper">      <!--         //根据用户名或者地址模糊查询         List<User> getByNameOrAddress(                 @Param("colName")                 String colName,                 @Param("userName")                 String userName);     -->          <select id="getByNameOrAddress" resultType="user">         select             id, username, birthday, sex, address         from             users         where             ${colName} like concat('%', #{userName}, '%')     </select>  </mapper> 
  • sql标签分析
    • 当标签对应的接口中的方法有多个参数时,标签中的入参类型,即:parameterType,取消不写,通过方法中注解的参数名称获取参数
    • 用于替换时只可以使用"${}",应该放在like前。"#{}"用来传值,应该放在like后用来占位传值

测试代码

package com.example.mapper;  import com.example.pojo.User; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test;  import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.text.ParseException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.List;  public class TestUsersMapper {      //时间刷     SimpleDateFormat date = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");      //SqlSession对象     SqlSession sqlSession;      //mybatis动态代理对象     UsersMapper usersMapper;      //获取SqlSession     @Before     public void getSqlSession() throws IOException {         //读取核心配置文件         InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");         //创建SqlSessionFactory对象         SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);         //获取SqlSession         sqlSession = factory.openSession();         //获取mybatis动态代理对象         usersMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UsersMapper.class);     }      //归还SqlSession     @After     public void closeSession(){         sqlSession.close();     }           @Test     public void testGetByNameOrAddress(){         List<User> users = usersMapper.getByNameOrAddress("username", "小");         //List<User> users = usersMapper.getByNameOrAddress("address", "市");         users.forEach(System.out::println);     } } 

测试输出

根据用户名模糊查询

Checking to see if class com.example.mapper.TestUsersMapper matches criteria [is assignable to Object] Checking to see if class com.example.mapper.UsersMapper matches criteria [is assignable to Object] Opening JDBC Connection Created connection 1293462056. Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4d18aa28]      ==>  Preparing: select id, username, birthday, sex, address from users where username like concat('%', ?, '%') ==> Parameters: 小(String)      <==    Columns: id, username, birthday, sex, address <==        Row: 2, 小王, 2001-07-12, 1, 芜湖市 <==        Row: 3, 小张, 1999-02-22, 1, 长沙 <==        Row: 29, 小昕, 2001-03-14, 女, 忻州 <==      Total: 3 Users{id=2, userName='小王', birthday=Thu Jul 12 00:00:00 CST 2001, sex='1', address='芜湖市'} Users{id=3, userName='小张', birthday=Mon Feb 22 00:00:00 CST 1999, sex='1', address='长沙'} Users{id=29, userName='小昕', birthday=Wed Mar 14 00:00:00 CST 2001, sex='女', address='忻州'} Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4d18aa28] Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4d18aa28] Returned connection 1293462056 to pool.  Process finished with exit code 0 

根据地址模糊查询

Checking to see if class com.example.mapper.TestUsersMapper matches criteria [is assignable to Object] Checking to see if class com.example.mapper.UsersMapper matches criteria [is assignable to Object] Opening JDBC Connection Created connection 1293462056. Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4d18aa28]      ==>  Preparing: select id, username, birthday, sex, address from users where address like concat('%', ?, '%') ==> Parameters: 市(String)      <==    Columns: id, username, birthday, sex, address <==        Row: 2, 小王, 2001-07-12, 1, 芜湖市 <==        Row: 7, 学委, 2001-05-13, 2, 平顶山市 <==      Total: 2 Users{id=2, userName='小王', birthday=Thu Jul 12 00:00:00 CST 2001, sex='1', address='芜湖市'} Users{id=7, userName='学委', birthday=Sun May 13 00:00:00 CST 2001, sex='2', address='平顶山市'} Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4d18aa28] Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4d18aa28] Returned connection 1293462056 to pool.  Process finished with exit code 0 

测试结果分析

  • sql标签在底层分别被解析为
==>  Preparing: select id, username, birthday, sex, address from users where username like concat('%', ?, '%') ==> Parameters: 小(String) 
==>  Preparing: select id, username, birthday, sex, address from users where address like concat('%', ?, '%') ==> Parameters: 市(String) 
  • 由上可知
    • 标签中的${colName}分别被替换成了传入的"username"和"address",起到了替换作用
    • "#{}"被解析成"?",#{userName}分别拿到值:小(String)和市(String),起到占位传值作用
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