前言
起因
- 最近上线了个人博客,片段页面存在大量图片,在图片加载方面体验很差,可以说是断崖式,从 0-1 完全没有任何过渡(这很影响页面布局和用户体验,对于设定了图片宽高的图片还好,如果没设置,就会有一个图片撑高的过程)
巧合
- 在准备写这篇文章当天前端南玖大佬发表了一篇文章,我直呼大数据牛逼 👍🏻文章: 点击查看
- 这篇文章我们将讨论其他几种方案,闲话少说,言归正传。
- 对于常规的图片优化这里不在赘述,大致如下:
- 压缩图片、使用 CSS sprites、懒加载、预加载、CDN 缓存、合适的图片格式、七牛 CDN 图片参数等等
探索
- 以下是这篇文章提到的几种方案(因为个人项目基于 Next,所以有些示例代码是 React)
- (1)使用图片主色调
- (2)使用某个颜色
- (3)使用图片的缩略图
- (4)使用模糊 + 压缩图片
- (5)图片占位符
方案 1:使用图片主色调
- 在日常开发中,我们的图片
src
可能是动态的,也就是一个字符串 string
url, 当我们指定了 placeholder="blur"
时,还必须添加 blurDataURL
属性,
import Image from 'next/image'; // Pixel GIF code adapted from https://stackoverflow.com/a/33919020/266535 const keyStr = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/='; const triplet = (e1: number, e2: number, e3: number) => keyStr.charAt(e1 >> 2) + keyStr.charAt(((e1 & 3) << 4) | (e2 >> 4)) + keyStr.charAt(((e2 & 15) << 2) | (e3 >> 6)) + keyStr.charAt(e3 & 63); const rgbDataURL = (r: number, g: number, b: number) => `data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAPAA${ triplet(0, r, g) + triplet(b, 255, 255) }/yH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==`; const Color = () => ( <div> <h1>Image Component With Color Data URL</h1> <Image alt="Dog" src="/dog.jpg" placeholder="blur" blurDataURL={rgbDataURL(237, 181, 6)} width={750} height={1000} style={{ maxWidth: '100%', height: 'auto' }} /> <Image alt="Cat" src="/cat.jpg" placeholder="blur" blurDataURL={rgbDataURL(2, 129, 210)} width={750} height={1000} style={{ maxWidth: '100%', height: 'auto' }} /> </div> ); export default Color;
方案 2:使用某个颜色
- 在
next.config.js
中配置 placeholder
为 color
,然后使用 backgroundColor
属性
// next.config.js module.exports = { images: { placeholder: 'color', backgroundColor: '#121212' } };
// 使用 <Image src="/path/to/image.jpg" alt="image title" width={500} height={500} placeholder="color" />
方案 3: 使用图片的缩略图
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>渐进式图片加载</title> <style> .placeholder { background-color: #f6f6f6; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; position: relative; overflow: hidden; } .placeholder img { position: absolute; opacity: 0; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; transition: opacity 1s linear; } .placeholder img.loaded { opacity: 1; } .img-small { filter: blur(50px); transform: scale(1); } </style> </head> <body> <div class="placeholder" data-large="https://qncdn.mopic.mozigu.net/work/143/24/42b204ae3ade4f38/1_sg-uLNm73whmdOgKlrQdZA.jpg" > <img src="https://qncdn.mopic.mozigu.net/work/143/24/5307e9778a944f93/1_sg-uLNm73whmdOgKlrQdZA.jpg" class="img-small" /> <div style="padding-bottom: 66.6%"></div> </div> </body> </html> <script> window.onload = function () { var placeholder = document.querySelector('.placeholder'), small = placeholder.querySelector('.img-small'); // 1. 显示小图并加载 var img = new Image(); img.src = small.src; img.onload = function () { small.classList.add('loaded'); }; // 2. 加载大图 var imgLarge = new Image(); imgLarge.src = placeholder.dataset.large; imgLarge.onload = function () { imgLarge.classList.add('loaded'); }; placeholder.appendChild(imgLarge); }; </script>
方案 4:使用模糊+压缩图片
// progressive-image.tsx 'use client'; import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react'; import imageCompression from 'browser-image-compression'; interface ProgressiveImageProps { src: string; alt?: string; width?: number; height?: number; layout?: 'fixed' | 'responsive' | 'fill' | 'intrinsic'; className?: string; style?: React.CSSProperties; } export const ProgressiveImage: React.FC<ProgressiveImageProps> = ({ src, alt = '', width, height, layout = 'responsive', className = '', style = {} }) => { const [currentSrc, setCurrentSrc] = useState<string>(src); const [isLoading, setIsLoading] = useState<boolean>(true); const [blurLevel, setBlurLevel] = useState<number>(20); useEffect(() => { let isMounted = true; const loadImage = async () => { try { // 加载并压缩原始图片 const response = await fetch(src); const blob = await response.blob(); // 生成低质量预览图 const tinyOptions = { maxSizeMB: 0.0002, maxWidthOrHeight: 16, useWebWorker: true, initialQuality: 0.1 }; const tinyBlob = await imageCompression(blob, tinyOptions); if (isMounted) { const tinyUrl = URL.createObjectURL(tinyBlob); setCurrentSrc(tinyUrl); // 开始逐渐减小模糊度 startSmoothTransition(); } // 加载原始图片 const highQualityImage = new Image(); highQualityImage.src = src; highQualityImage.onload = () => { if (isMounted) { setCurrentSrc(src); // 当高质量图片加载完成时,继续平滑过渡 setTimeout(() => { setIsLoading(false); }, 100); } }; } catch (error) { console.error('Error loading image:', error); if (isMounted) { setCurrentSrc(src); setIsLoading(false); } } }; const startSmoothTransition = () => { // 从20px的模糊逐渐过渡到10px const startBlur = 20; const endBlur = 10; const duration = 1000; // 1秒 const steps = 20; const stepDuration = duration / steps; const blurStep = (startBlur - endBlur) / steps; let currentStep = 0; const interval = setInterval(() => { if (currentStep < steps && isMounted) { setBlurLevel(startBlur - blurStep * currentStep); currentStep++; } else { clearInterval(interval); } }, stepDuration); }; setIsLoading(true); setBlurLevel(20); loadImage(); return () => { isMounted = false; if (currentSrc && currentSrc.startsWith('blob:')) { URL.revokeObjectURL(currentSrc); } }; }, [src]); const getContainerStyle = (): React.CSSProperties => { const baseStyle: React.CSSProperties = { position: 'relative', overflow: 'hidden' }; switch (layout) { case 'responsive': return { ...baseStyle, maxWidth: width || '100%', width: '100%' }; case 'fixed': return { ...baseStyle, width: width, height: height }; case 'fill': return { ...baseStyle, width: '100%', height: '100%', position: 'absolute', top: 0, left: 0 }; case 'intrinsic': return { ...baseStyle, maxWidth: width, width: '100%' }; default: return baseStyle; } }; const getImageStyle = (): React.CSSProperties => { const baseStyle: React.CSSProperties = { filter: isLoading ? `blur(${blurLevel}px)` : 'none', transition: 'filter 0.8s ease-in-out', // 增加过渡时间 transform: 'scale(1.1)', // 稍微放大防止模糊时出现边缘 ...style }; switch (layout) { case 'responsive': return { ...baseStyle, width: '100%', height: 'auto', display: 'block' }; case 'fixed': return { ...baseStyle, width: width, height: height }; case 'fill': return { ...baseStyle, width: '100%', height: '100%', objectFit: 'cover' }; case 'intrinsic': return { ...baseStyle, width: '100%', height: 'auto' }; default: return baseStyle; } }; return ( <div className={`${className}`} style={getContainerStyle()}> {currentSrc && <img src={currentSrc} alt={alt} style={getImageStyle()} />} </div> ); };
// 使用 <ProgressiveImage src={photo} alt={short.title} width={300} height={250} layout="responsive" className="h-full min-h-[150px]" />
方案 5:图片占位符
- Next.js 的 next/image 组件
placeholder
属性提供了个选项 blur
,默认为 empty
blur
会生成一个模糊的预览图像(但这个选项会增加初始加载实践,因为需要时间去生成模糊图片)
- 注意:如果
placeholder="blur"
时,必须使用 import
静态引入图片的方式,这样 Next.js 才会对图片进行渐进式加载的预处理
import Image from 'next/image'; import mountains from '/public/mountains.jpg'; const PlaceholderBlur = () => ( <div> <h1>Image Component With Placeholder Blur</h1> <Image alt="Mountains" src={mountains} placeholder="blur" width={700} height={475} style={{ maxWidth: '100%', height: 'auto' }} /> </div> ); export default PlaceholderBlur;
总结
- 产品第一印象很重要,良好的用户体验对于产品来说是必需的。
- 感谢阅读,我们下次再见!