Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

注意:请确保已经安装Redis和keepalived,本文不在介绍如何安装。

1、使用版本说明

Redis版本:5.0.2

Keepalived版本:1.3.5

Linux 版本:Centos7.9

查看Redis版本:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -v 

Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

查看Keepalived版本信息:

rpm -qa|grep keepalived 或者 keepalived -v 

Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

2、功能实现说明:

  • 使用Keepalived提供虚拟IP对外访问Redis
  • Redis搭建主从数据同步,主用来读写数据 、从主要进行主数据同步备份。
  • 当主出现宕机,Keepalived虚拟IP自动指向从服务器。从服务器临时变为主服务器继续工作。
  • 待主服务器重新启动后,Keepalived虚拟IP重新指向主服务器。主服务器同步从服务器数据后继续工作。从服务器由临时主变为从继续进行主数据同步备份。

3、说明图

Keepalived会生成一个虚拟IP。客户端需要访问虚拟IP进行Redis连接:

3.1 、主和备服务器运行中

Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

3.2、主宕机,备服务器运行中

Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

3.3、 主恢复,备服务器运行中

Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

4、搭建Redis主从

首先确保两台服务器都安装了Redis服务,Redis的端口号和密码两台服务器必须保持一致。我这里两台服务器都是使用端口号:6379和密码:1234qwer

服务器IP:

主服务器:192.168.42.130

备服务器:192.168.42.133

4.1、 修改配置文件

首先需要修改备服务器redis配置文件,把备服务器redis挂载到主服务器redis下面实现主从配置。

进入redis目录

cd /usr/local/redis/ 

修改redis.conf文件

vim redis.conf 

找到replicaof和masterauth属性进行配置

# replicaof <masterip> <masterport> replicaof 192.168.42.130 6379 # If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration # directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before # starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will # refuse the replica request. # # masterauth <master-password> masterauth "1234qwer"  

replicaof:主服务器IP和端口号

masterauth:用于在进行主从复制时,保护Redis主节点的数据安全。密码就是设置相同的主从节点的密码。以确保只有经过授权的从节点才能够连接到主节点。如果不配置,会导致节点连接失败:master_link_status:down

通过登录redis输入:info replication 可以查看Redis集群配置信息。如果搭建成功,会显示节点信息。

注意: 在Redis 5.0及以上版本,SLAVEOF 命令已经被废弃,并且在服务器上使用该命令会导致命令失效。所以在Redis 5.0及以上版本,设置复制的正确方法是使用 REPLICAOF 命令。为了兼容旧版本,通过配置的方式仍然支持 slaveof,但是通过命令的方式则不行了。

4.2、验证主从复制功能

验证方式:登录主服务器Redis,插入一条key数据。在备服务器中登录Redis进行通过该key进行查询,查看是否获取到数据。如果数据获取成功,说明Redis主从复制搭建成功。

进入主服务器登录redis

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli 

进行密码认证

auth 1234qwer 

输出OK,表示认证成功。存入数据

set verify-key "Test Verify is Success" 

输出OK,表示插入成功。接下来登录备服务器查看数据。进入备服务器登录redis:

/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli 

进行密码认证

auth 1234qwer 

输出OK,表示认证成功。获取key数据

get verify-key 

输出:"Test Verify is Success",说明Redis主从搭建成功。

5、配置Keepalived信息

/etc/keepalived目录中存放keepalived.conf文件。在该目录下创建scripts_redis文件夹,目录 /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis,将 redis_stop.sh 、redis_master.sh、redis_fault.sh 、redis_check.sh 、redis_backup.sh 放入scripts_redis文件目录下。

5.1 主服务器配置

编写keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived  global_defs {    router_id redis-master #唯一标识 注意主备服务名不可相同    script_user root    enable_script_security }  vrrp_script redis_check { #脚本检测名称,下方调用必须和这个名称一致     script "/etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_check.sh" #监听redis是否启动脚本路径     interval 4  #监听心跳     weight -5     fall 3     rise 2 }  vrrp_instance VI_redis {     state MASTER    #当前keepalived状态  MASTER 或者 BACKUP     interface eth0  #网卡名称根据实际情况设置可通过命令ifconfig查看     virtual_router_id 21     priority 110	#权重 主服务要高于备服务     garp_master_refresh 10     garp_master_refresh_repeat 2     advert_int 1     nopreempt     unicast_src_ip 192.168.42.130 #单播模式 当前服务器主服务器IP地址     unicast_peer {         192.168.42.133 #备服务器Ip     } 	     authentication {  #keepalived之间通信的认证账号、密码         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     } 	     virtual_ipaddress {         192.168.42.161	#虚拟IP地址 客户端统一的访问地址     } 	     garp_master_delay 1     garp_master_refresh 5 	track_interface {         eth0	#网卡     } 	     track_script {         redis_check #脚本检测调用名称     } 	     notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_master.sh	#master脚本  keepalived设置的状态为master时触发或者master停止后,backup升级为master时触发     notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_backup.sh #backup脚本  keepalived设置的状态为backup时触发     notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_fault.sh #fault脚本     notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_stop.sh  #stop脚本 keepalived停止时触发 	    } 

编写 redis_master.sh,当主脚本启动时,需要先同步备服务器redis数据后,在设置为主节点进行启动:

#!/bin/bash  LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-status.log REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli"  echo "Running redis_master.sh..." >>$LOGFILE echo "[Master]" >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE echo "Being Master..." >> $LOGFILE echo "Running SLAVEOF cmd..." >> $LOGFILE $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.130 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer CONFIG SET masterauth "1234qwer" 2>&1 $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.130 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer REPLICAOF  192.168.42.133 6379 2>&1  sleep 5s  echo "Run slaveof no one cmd..." >>$LOGFILE  $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.130 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer REPLICAOF NO ONE >>$LOGFILE 2>&1  echo "Finished running redis_master.sh..." >>$LOGFILE 

编写redis_backup.sh,

#!/bin/bash  LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-status.log REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli" echo "Running redis_bakcup.sh..." >>$LOGFILE echo "[Backup]" >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE echo "Being Slave..." >> $LOGFILE echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd..." >> $LOGFILE $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.130 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer CONFIG SET masterauth "1234qwer"  >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.130 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer REPLICAOF 192.168.42.133 6379 >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 echo "Finished running redis_backup.sh..." >>$LOGFILE  
5.2、备服务器配置

编写keepalived.conf

! Configuration File for keepalived  global_defs {    router_id redis-slave #唯一标识 注意主备服务名不可相同    script_user root    enable_script_security }  vrrp_script redis_check {     script "/etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_check.sh" #监听redis是否启动脚本路径     interval 4 #监听心跳     weight -5     fall 3       rise 2 }  vrrp_instance VI_redis {     state BACKUP  #当前keepalived状态 设置为BACKUP     interface eth0     virtual_router_id 21     priority 100     garp_master_refresh 10     garp_master_refresh_repeat 2     advert_int 1     nopreempt     unicast_src_ip 192.168.42.133 #单播模式 当前服务器IP地址     unicast_peer {         192.168.42.130 #主服务器Ip     } 	 	     authentication {         auth_type PASS         auth_pass 1111     } 	     virtual_ipaddress {         192.168.42.161 #虚拟IP地址 客户端统一的访问地址     } 	     garp_master_delay 1     garp_master_refresh 5      track_interface {         eth0     }      track_script {         redis_check     } 	     notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_master.sh     notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_backup.sh     notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_fault.sh      notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/redis_stop.sh  }   

编写redis_master.sh

#!/bin/bash # LOGFILE文件需要跟据实际情况更改 LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-status.log REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/src/redis-cli"  echo "Running redis_master.sh..." >>$LOGFILE echo "[Master]" >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE echo "Begin Master ..." >> $LOGFILE echo "Run slaveof no one cmd...">>$LOGFILE # SLAVEOF 5.0以上已经弃用 REPLICAOF  $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.133 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer REPLICAOF  NO ONE >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 echo "Finished running redis_master.sh..." >>$LOGFILE 

编写redis_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash  LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-status.log REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/src/redis-cli"  echo "Running redis_bakcup.sh..." >>$LOGFILE echo "[Backup]" >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE echo "Being Slave..." >> $LOGFILE sleep 15s #休眠15秒,确保主服务器脚本redis_master.sh执行完毕后在执行主从命令 echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd..." >> $LOGFILE # SLAVEOF 5.0已经弃用 改为:REPLICAOF $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.133 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer CONFIG SET masterauth "1234qwer"  >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 $REDISCLI -h 192.168.42.133 -p 6379 -a 1234qwer REPLICAOF  192.168.42.130 6379 >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 echo "Finished running redis_backup.sh..." >>$LOGFILE 
5.3、编写验证Redis是否启动脚本

编写redis_check.sh脚本,通过监听端口号判断(主备一致)

#!/bin/bash LOGFILE=/var/log/check-redis-status.log echo "Running redis_check.sh..." >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE CHECK=$(ss -tnlp|grep 6379) if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then    echo "redis-server is not running..." >> $LOGFILE    systemctl stop keepalived.service    exit 1 else    echo "redis-server is running..." >> $LOGFILE    exit 0 fi echo "Finished running redis_check.sh..." >> $LOGFILE 
5.4 其他脚本

编写 redis_fault.sh (主备一致)

#!/bin/bash  LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-status.log echo "Running redis_fault.sh..." >>$LOGFILE echo "[Fault]" >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE echo "Finished running redis_fault.sh..." >> $LOGFILE  

编写 redis_stop.sh (主备一致)

#!/bin/bash LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-status.log echo "Running redis_stop.sh...." >>$LOGFILE echo "[Stop]" >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE echo "Finished running redis_stop.sh...." >>$LOGFILE 
5.5、给脚本授可执行权限

chmod +x /etc/keepalived/scripts_redis/*.sh

5.6、 keepalived相关命令

Keepalived 安装命令

yum install keepalived -y

Keepalived配置所在目录

/etc/keepalived

Keepalived 日志文件

/var/log/message

启动Keepalived命令

systemctl start keepalived.service

重启Keepalived命令

systemctl restart keepalived.service

查看Keepalived状态命令

systemctl status keepalived.service

查看Keepalived虚拟VIP ip

ip addr

关闭Keepalived命令

systemctl stop keepalived.service

6、验证主备双活

我们可以通过连接工具RedisDesktopManager进行测试主备双活。首先连接地址填写keepalived生成的虚拟IP地址:192.168.42.161、 输入端口号:6379和密码:1234qwer

Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

连接成功后,插入一条数据进行数据测试。之后在把主服务器redis停止模拟服务器宕机,测试连接继续进行数据插入。然后在把主服务器redis启动,keepalived也需要启动。启动完成后查看数据是否一致。如果一致说明主备双活搭建成功。

Redis高可用方案:使用Keepalived实现主备双活

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