前文我们有了IOC的源码基础以及SpringMVC的基础,我们便可以进一步深入理解SpringMVC主要实现原理,包含DispatcherServlet的初始化过程和DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程的源码解析。本文是第二篇:DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程的源码解析。@pdai
DispatcherServlet处理请求的过程?
一个请求发出,经过DispatcherServlet进行了什么样的处理,最后将内容返回的呢?
回顾整理处理流程
首先让我们整体看一下Spring Web MVC 处理请求的流程:
核心架构的具体流程步骤如下:
- 首先用户发送请求——>DispatcherServlet,前端控制器收到请求后自己不进行处理,而是委托给其他的解析器进行
处理,作为统一访问点,进行全局的流程控制; - DispatcherServlet——>HandlerMapping, HandlerMapping 将会把请求映射为 HandlerExecutionChain 对象(包含一
个Handler 处理器(页面控制器)对象、多个HandlerInterceptor 拦截器)对象,通过这种策略模式,很容易添加新
的映射策略; - DispatcherServlet——>HandlerAdapter,HandlerAdapter 将会把处理器包装为适配器,从而支持多种类型的处理器,
即适配器设计模式的应用,从而很容易支持很多类型的处理器; - HandlerAdapter——>处理器功能处理方法的调用,HandlerAdapter 将会根据适配的结果调用真正的处理器的功能处
理方法,完成功能处理;并返回一个ModelAndView 对象(包含模型数据、逻辑视图名); - ModelAndView 的逻辑视图名——> ViewResolver,ViewResolver 将把逻辑视图名解析为具体的View,通过这种策
略模式,很容易更换其他视图技术; - View——>渲染,View 会根据传进来的Model 模型数据进行渲染,此处的Model 实际是一个Map 数据结构,因此
很容易支持其他视图技术; - 返回控制权给DispatcherServlet,由DispatcherServlet 返回响应给用户,到此一个流程结束。
doGet入口
我们以上个demo中这个GET请求为例,请求URL是http://localhost:8080/011_spring_framework_demo_springmvc_war_exploded/user
我们知道servlet处理get请求是doGet方法,所以我们去找DispatcherServlet类结构中的doGet方法。
@Override protected final void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { processRequest(request, response); }
processRequest处理请求的方法如下:
/** * Process this request, publishing an event regardless of the outcome. * <p>The actual event handling is performed by the abstract * {@link #doService} template method. */ protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // 计算处理请求的时间 long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Throwable failureCause = null; LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext(); LocaleContext localeContext = buildLocaleContext(request); RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes); WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new RequestBindingInterceptor()); // 初始化context initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes); try { // 看这里 doService(request, response); } catch (ServletException | IOException ex) { failureCause = ex; throw ex; } catch (Throwable ex) { failureCause = ex; throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", ex); } finally { // 重置context resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes); if (requestAttributes != null) { requestAttributes.requestCompleted(); } logResult(request, response, failureCause, asyncManager); publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, failureCause); } }
本质上就是调用doService方法,由DispatchServlet类实现
/** * Exposes the DispatcherServlet-specific request attributes and delegates to {@link #doDispatch} * for the actual dispatching. */ @Override protected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { logRequest(request); // 保存下请求之前的参数. Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null; if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) { attributesSnapshot = new HashMap<>(); Enumeration<?> attrNames = request.getAttributeNames(); while (attrNames.hasMoreElements()) { String attrName = (String) attrNames.nextElement(); if (this.cleanupAfterInclude || attrName.startsWith(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PREFIX)) { attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName)); } } } // 方便后续 handlers 和 view 要使用它们. request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, getWebApplicationContext()); request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, getThemeSource()); if (this.flashMapManager != null) { FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response); if (inputFlashMap != null) { request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap)); } request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap()); request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager); } RequestPath previousRequestPath = null; if (this.parseRequestPath) { previousRequestPath = (RequestPath) request.getAttribute(ServletRequestPathUtils.PATH_ATTRIBUTE); ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request); } try { // 看这里,终于将这个请求分发出去了 doDispatch(request, response); } finally { if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include. if (attributesSnapshot != null) { restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot); } } if (this.parseRequestPath) { ServletRequestPathUtils.setParsedRequestPath(previousRequestPath, request); } } }
请求分发
doDispatch方法是真正处理请求的核心方法
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { ModelAndView mv = null; Exception dispatchException = null; try { // 判断是不是文件上传类型的request processedRequest = checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request); // 根据request获取匹配的handler. mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null) { noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // 根据handler获取匹配的handlerAdapter HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // 如果handler支持last-modified头处理 String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = HttpMethod.GET.matches(method); if (isGet || HttpMethod.HEAD.matches(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // 真正handle处理,并返回modelAndView mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } // 通过视图的prefix和postfix获取完整的视图名 applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv); // 应用后置的拦截器 mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception ex) { dispatchException = ex; } catch (Throwable err) { // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well, // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios. dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err); } // 处理handler处理的结果,显然就是对ModelAndView 或者 出现的Excpetion处理 processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException); } catch (Exception ex) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex); } catch (Throwable err) { triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", err)); } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); } } else { // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. if (multipartRequestParsed) { cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } } }
映射和适配器处理
对于真正的handle方法,我们看下其处理流程
/** * This implementation expects the handler to be an {@link HandlerMethod}. */ @Override @Nullable public final ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { return handleInternal(request, response, (HandlerMethod) handler); }
交给handleInternal方法处理,以RequestMappingHandlerAdapter这个HandlerAdapter中的处理方法为例
@Override protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception { ModelAndView mav; checkRequest(request); // Execute invokeHandlerMethod in synchronized block if required. if (this.synchronizeOnSession) { HttpSession session = request.getSession(false); if (session != null) { Object mutex = WebUtils.getSessionMutex(session); synchronized (mutex) { mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod); } } else { // No HttpSession available -> no mutex necessary mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod); } } else { // No synchronization on session demanded at all... mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod); } if (!response.containsHeader(HEADER_CACHE_CONTROL)) { if (getSessionAttributesHandler(handlerMethod).hasSessionAttributes()) { applyCacheSeconds(response, this.cacheSecondsForSessionAttributeHandlers); } else { prepareResponse(response); } } return mav; }
然后执行invokeHandlerMethod这个方法,用来对RequestMapping(usercontroller中的list方法)进行处理
/** * Invoke the {@link RequestMapping} handler method preparing a {@link ModelAndView} * if view resolution is required. * @since 4.2 * @see #createInvocableHandlerMethod(HandlerMethod) */ @Nullable protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception { ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response); try { WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod); ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory); // 重要:设置handler(controller#list)方法上的参数,返回值处理,绑定databinder等 ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod); if (this.argumentResolvers != null) { invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers); } if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) { invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers); } invocableMethod.setDataBinderFactory(binderFactory); invocableMethod.setParameterNameDiscoverer(this.parameterNameDiscoverer); ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer = new ModelAndViewContainer(); mavContainer.addAllAttributes(RequestContextUtils.getInputFlashMap(request)); modelFactory.initModel(webRequest, mavContainer, invocableMethod); mavContainer.setIgnoreDefaultModelOnRedirect(this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect); AsyncWebRequest asyncWebRequest = WebAsyncUtils.createAsyncWebRequest(request, response); asyncWebRequest.setTimeout(this.asyncRequestTimeout); WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); asyncManager.setTaskExecutor(this.taskExecutor); asyncManager.setAsyncWebRequest(asyncWebRequest); asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptors(this.callableInterceptors); asyncManager.registerDeferredResultInterceptors(this.deferredResultInterceptors); if (asyncManager.hasConcurrentResult()) { Object result = asyncManager.getConcurrentResult(); mavContainer = (ModelAndViewContainer) asyncManager.getConcurrentResultContext()[0]; asyncManager.clearConcurrentResult(); LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn -> { String formatted = LogFormatUtils.formatValue(result, !traceOn); return "Resume with async result [" + formatted + "]"; }); invocableMethod = invocableMethod.wrapConcurrentResult(result); } // 执行controller中方法 invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer); if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return null; } return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest); } finally { webRequest.requestCompleted(); } }
invokeAndHandle交给UserController中具体执行list方法执行
后续invoke执行的方法,直接看整个请求流程的调用链即可
执行后获得视图和Model
视图渲染
接下来继续执行processDispatchResult方法,对视图和model(如果有异常则对异常处理)进行处理(显然就是渲染页面了)
/** * Handle the result of handler selection and handler invocation, which is * either a ModelAndView or an Exception to be resolved to a ModelAndView. */ private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv, @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception { boolean errorView = false; // 如果处理过程有异常,则异常处理 if (exception != null) { if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) { logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception); mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException) exception).getModelAndView(); } else { Object handler = (mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null); mv = processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); errorView = (mv != null); } } // 是否需要渲染视图 if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { render(mv, request, response); // 渲染视图 if (errorView) { WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request); } } else { if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned."); } } if (WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Concurrent handling started during a forward return; } if (mappedHandler != null) { // Exception (if any) is already handled.. mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null); } }
接下来显然就是渲染视图了, spring在initStrategies方法中初始化的组件(LocaleResovler等)就派上用场了。
/** * Render the given ModelAndView. * <p>This is the last stage in handling a request. It may involve resolving the view by name. * @param mv the ModelAndView to render * @param request current HTTP servlet request * @param response current HTTP servlet response * @throws ServletException if view is missing or cannot be resolved * @throws Exception if there's a problem rendering the view */ protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { // Determine locale for request and apply it to the response. Locale locale = (this.localeResolver != null ? this.localeResolver.resolveLocale(request) : request.getLocale()); response.setLocale(locale); View view; String viewName = mv.getViewName(); if (viewName != null) { // We need to resolve the view name. view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request); if (view == null) { throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() + "' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'"); } } else { // No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object. view = mv.getView(); if (view == null) { throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " + "View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'"); } } // Delegate to the View object for rendering. if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) { logger.trace("Rendering view [" + view + "] "); } try { if (mv.getStatus() != null) { response.setStatus(mv.getStatus().value()); } view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response); } catch (Exception ex) { if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Error rendering view [" + view + "]", ex); } throw ex; } }
后续就是通过viewResolver进行解析了,这里就不再继续看代码了,上述流程基本上够帮助你构建相关的认知了。
最后无非是返回控制权给DispatcherServlet,由DispatcherServlet 返回响应给用户。
最后的最后我们看下请求的日志:
21:45:53.390 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - GET "/011_spring_framework_demo_springmvc_war_exploded/user", parameters={} 21:45:53.400 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped to tech.pdai.springframework.springmvc.controller.UserController#list(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse) 22:51:14.504 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView - View name 'userList', model {dateTime=Fri Apr 22 21:45:53 CST 2022, userList=[tech.pdai.springframework.springmvc.entity.User@7b8c8dc]} 22:51:14.550 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView - Forwarding to [/WEB-INF/views/userList.jsp] 22:51:44.395 [http-nio-8080-exec-6] DEBUG org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet - Completed 200 OK
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