echarts是百度推出的一款开源的基于JavaScript的可视化图表库，该开发库目前发展非常不错，且支持各类图形的绘制可定制程度高，Echarts绘图库同样可以与Flask结合，前台使用echart绘图库进行图形的生成与展示，后台则是Flask通过render_template方法返回一串JSON数据集，前台收到后将其应用到绘图库上，实现动态展示Web服务日志状态功能。
如下演示案例中，将分别展示运用该绘图库如何前后端交互绘制（饼状图，柱状图，折线图）这三种最基本的图形。
实现绘制饼状图: 用于模拟统计Web容器的日志数据，通过饼状图将访问状态统计出来。
前端部分/templates/index.html代码如下:
<html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>LyShark</title> <script src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="panel panel-primary" style="width: 40%;height: 30%; float: left"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">LyShark 网站访问状态统计</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div id="main" style="width:100%; height: 300px"></div> </div> </div> </body> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"> var kv = new Array(); kv = {{ data | safe }} var test = new Array(); for(var logkey in kv){ test.push( {value:kv[logkey], name:logkey} ) } var display = function(){ var main = echarts.init(document.getElementById("main")); var option = { legend: { orient: 'vertical', left: 'left', }, series: [ { type: 'pie', radius: '70%', center: ['50%', '50%'], detail: {formatter:'{value}'}, data: test } ] }; main.setOption(option,true); }; display(); </script> </html> 后端代码如下通过模拟render_template返回一些数据。
from flask import Flask,render_template,request import json app = Flask(import_name=__name__, static_url_path='/python', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀 static_folder='static', # 配置静态文件的文件夹 template_folder='templates') # 配置模板文件的文件夹 def Count_Flag_And_Flow(file): list = [] flag = {} with open(file) as f: contexts = f.readlines() for line in contexts: it = line.split()[8] list.append(it) list_num = set(list) for item in list_num: num = list.count(item) flag[item] = num return flag @app.route('/', methods=["GET"]) def index(): Address = {'226': 4, '404': 12, '200': 159, '400': 25, '102': 117, '302': 1625} # Address = Count_Flag_And_Flow("d://access_log") return render_template("index.html",data = json.dumps(Address)) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=80, debug=False) 运行后访问自定义域名，输出如下效果的饼状图:
实现绘制柱状图: 统计访问了本站的所有ID地址并将地址数大于2的全部显示出来.
前端index.html代码如下
<html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>LyShark</title> <script src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="panel panel-primary" style="width: 58%;height: 30%; float: left"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">LyShark 网站设备类型统计</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div id="main1" style="width:100%; height: 300px"></div> </div> </div> </body> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"> var kv = new Array(); var keys = new Array(); var values = new Array(); kv = {{ data | safe }} for(var logkey in kv){ keys.push(logkey); values.push(kv[logkey]); } var display = function() { var main1 = echarts.init(document.getElementById("main1")); var option = { xAxis: { type: 'category', data: keys }, yAxis: { type: 'value' }, series: [{ data: values, type: 'bar' }] }; main1.setOption(option,true); }; display(); </script> </html> 后端代码如下,路由曾则只保留一个index映射
from flask import Flask,render_template,request import json app = Flask(import_name=__name__, static_url_path='/python', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀 static_folder='static', # 配置静态文件的文件夹 template_folder='templates') # 配置模板文件的文件夹 def Count_Flag_And_Type(file): list = [] flag = {} with open(file) as f: contexts = f.readlines() for line in contexts: addr = line.split()[0].replace("(","").replace(")","") if addr != "::1": list.append(addr) # 去重并将其转为字典 list_num = set(list) for item in list_num: num = list.count(item) # 如果地址只有一次则忽略 if num > 1: flag[item] = num return flag @app.route('/', methods=["GET"]) def index(): Types = {'Linux': 23, 'studies': 57, 'Windows': 87, 'compatible': 44, 'web': 32, 'X11': 78} # Types = Count_Flag_And_Type("d://access_log") return render_template("index.html",data = json.dumps(Types)) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=80, debug=False) 柱状图绘制效果如下：
实现绘制折线图: 统计指定的时间段内的访问流量数据.
前端index.html代码如下
<html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>LyShark</title> <script src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="panel panel-primary" style="width: 100%;height: 30%; float: left"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">LyShark 网站流量统计</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div id="main" style="width:100%; height: 400px"></div> </div> </div> </body> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"> var kv = new Array(); var keys = new Array(); var values = new Array(); kv = {{ data | safe }}; for(var logkey in kv){ keys.push(logkey); values.push(kv[logkey]); } var display = function() { var main = echarts.init(document.getElementById("main")); var option = { xAxis: { type: 'category', boundaryGap: false, data: keys }, yAxis: { type: 'value' }, series: [{ data: values, type: 'line', areaStyle: {}, }] }; main.setOption(option,true); }; display(); </script> </html> 后端代码如下,路由曾则只保留一个index映射
from flask import Flask,render_template,request import json app = Flask(import_name=__name__, static_url_path='/python', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀 static_folder='static', # 配置静态文件的文件夹 template_folder='templates') # 配置模板文件的文件夹 def Count_Time_And_Flow(file): times = {} # key 保存当前时间信息 flow = {} # value 当前时间流量总和 Count= 0 # 针对IP地址的计数器 with open(file) as f: contexts = f.readlines() for line in contexts: if line.split()[9] != "-" and line.split()[9] != '"-"': size = line.split()[9] temp = line.split()[3] ip_attr = temp.split(":")[1] + ":" + temp.split(":")[2] Count = int(size) + Count if ip_attr in times.keys(): flow[ip_attr] = flow[ip_attr] + int(size) else: times[ip_attr] = 1 flow[ip_attr] = int(size) return flow @app.route('/', methods=["GET"]) def index(): OutFlow = {'03:30': 12, '03:48': 25, '04:15': 47, '04:28': 89, '04:42': 66, '04:51': 54} # OutFlow = Count_Time_And_Flow("d://access_log") return render_template("index.html",data = json.dumps(OutFlow)) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=80, debug=False) 折现图绘制效果如下：
如上是三种常用图形的绘制方式，其他图形同理可以参考如上方代码中的写法，我们可以将这三个图形合并在一起，主要是前端对其进行排版即可。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <!--饼状图绘制方法--> <div class="panel panel-primary" style="width: 40%;height: 30%;float: left"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">饼状图绘制</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div id="PieChart" style="width:100%; height: 300px"></div> </div> </div> <!--柱状图绘制方法--> <div class="panel panel-primary" style="width: 58%;height: 30%; float: right"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">柱状图绘制</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div id="HistogramChart" style="width:100%; height: 300px"></div> </div> </div> <!--折线图绘制方法--> <div class="panel panel-primary" style="width: 100%;height: 40%; float: left"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">折线图绘制</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div id="Linechart" style="width:100%; height: 460px"></div> </div> </div> <!--饼状图绘制方法--> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"> var kv = new Array(); kv = {{ Address | safe }} var test = new Array(); for(var logkey in kv){ test.push( {value:kv[logkey], name:logkey} ) } var display = function(){ var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById("PieChart")); var option = { legend: { orient: 'vertical', left: 'left', }, series: [ { type: 'pie', radius: '70%', center: ['50%', '50%'], detail: {formatter:'{value}'}, data: test } ] }; echo.setOption(option,true); }; display(); </script> <!--柱状图绘制方法--> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"> var kv = new Array(); var keys = new Array(); var values = new Array(); kv = {{ Types | safe }} for(var logkey in kv){ keys.push(logkey); values.push(kv[logkey]); } var display = function() { var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById("HistogramChart")); var option = { tooltip: { trigger: 'axis', axisPointer: { type: 'shadow' } }, grid: { left: '3%', right: '4%', bottom: '3%', containLabel: true }, xAxis: { type: 'category', data: keys }, yAxis: { type: 'value' }, series: [{ data: values, type: 'bar' }] }; echo.setOption(option,true); }; display(); </script> <!--折线图绘制方法--> <script type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"> // 函数主要用于将传入的字典分解成key,value格式并返回 var get_key_value = function(kv) { var keys = new Array(); var values = new Array(); for(var logkey in kv) { keys.push(logkey); values.push(kv[logkey]); } return [keys,values]; } // 输出1分钟负载 var kv = new Array(); kv = {{ x | safe }}; var x = get_key_value(kv); // 输出5分钟负载 var kv = new Array(); kv = {{ y | safe }}; var y = get_key_value(kv); // 输出15分钟负载 var kv = new Array(); kv = {{ z | safe }}; var z = get_key_value(kv); // 显示利用率 var display = function() { var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById("Linechart")); var option = { title: { left: 'left', text: 'CPU 利用表', }, // 调节大小 grid: { left: '3%', right: '4%', bottom: '3%', containLabel: true }, // tooltip 鼠标放上去之后会自动出现坐标 tooltip: { trigger: 'axis', axisPointer: { type: 'cross', label: { backgroundColor: '#6a7985' } } }, legend: { data: ['1分钟负载', '5分钟负载', '15分钟负载'] }, xAxis: { type: 'category', // data: ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun'] data: x[0] }, yAxis: { type: 'value' }, series: [ { name: "1分钟负载", stack: "总量", //data: [10, 25, 99, 87, 54, 66, 2], data: x[1], type: 'line' }, { name: "5分钟负载", stack: "总量", //data: [89, 57, 85, 44, 25, 4, 54], data: y[1], type: 'line' }, { name: "15分钟负载", stack: "总量", //data: [1, 43, 2, 12, 5, 4, 7], data: z[1], type: 'line' } ] }; echo.setOption(option,true); }; display(); </script> </body> 后端代码如下，其中的参数可以从数据库内提取也可以从文件中读入。
from flask import Flask,render_template,request import json app = Flask(import_name=__name__, static_url_path='/python', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀 static_folder='static', # 配置静态文件的文件夹 template_folder='templates') # 配置模板文件的文件夹 @app.route('/', methods=["GET"]) def index(): Address = {'226': 4, '404': 12, '200': 159, '400': 25, '102': 117, '302': 1625} Types = {'Linux': 23, 'studies': 57, 'Windows': 87, 'compatible': 44, 'web': 32, 'X11': 78} x = {'03:30': 12, '03:48': 25, '04:15': 47, '04:28': 89, '04:42': 66, '04:51': 54} y = {'05:22': 55, '07:48': 29, '07:15': 98, '08:54': 11, '08:41': 61, '06:51': 5} z = {'07:30': 1, '09:48': 5, '06:15': 24, '08:28': 59, '2:42': 11, '08:51': 22} return render_template("index.html",Address = json.dumps(Address), Types= json.dumps(Types), x = json.dumps(x), y = json.dumps(y), z = json.dumps(z)) if __name__ == '__main__': app.run(host="127.0.0.1", port=80, debug=False) 输出效果如下：
